德日长期护理保险政策存在共性和差异。政策目标方面，日本更明确和有针对性；服务传递方面，日本没有现金给付传统；适用规则方面，都制定了科学合理的资格审查认定机制，但日本更细致；组织结构方面，都具有中央政府集权、地方政府分权和市场化护理服务供给特点；筹资方法方面，两国政策均采取的三方筹集保障了资金来源；要素互动方面，均努力实现要素闭环协同，以缓解制度公平性与效率性难以平衡的张力。德国和日本的经验对我国全面推行长期护理保险制度具有以下启示：制定明确的政策目标；尽快出台顶层制度设计，强化政府主导责任；建立独立且多元的筹资机制；积极发展社区嵌入式护理服务；加快推进长期护理专业服务人员队伍建设。

The long-term care insurance policies in Germany and Japan have commonalities as well as differences. In terms of policy goals,Japan is clearer and targeted;in terms of service delivery,Japan does not have the tradition of cash payment;in terms of applicable rules,both have established scientific and reasonable qualification review and recognition mechanisms,but Japan's is more detailed;in terms of organizational structure,both countries feature centralized control by the central government,decentralized authority at the local level,and market-oriented provision of nursing services;in terms of financing methods,both countries have adopted a three-party financing approach to ensure the availability of funds;in terms of element interaction,both countries have made efforts to achieve closed-loop coordination of elements in order to alleviate the tension caused by the difficulty in balancing institutional fairness and efficiency. The practices of Germany and Japan can offer China the following insights for the comprehensive implementation of long-term care insurance system:clear policy goals should be set;top-level institutional designs should be made promptly,and the government's leading responsibility should be strengthened;an independent and diversified financing mechanism should be established;embedded community nursing services should be actively developed;and the construction of a professional service team for long-term care should be accelerated.